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麦子学院  2016-12-15 17:23

Linux SHELL中的循环详解

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本文和大家分享的主要是linux中的SHELL循环相关用法,希望通过本文的分享,对大家学习linux 有所帮助,一起来看看吧。

  1、写一个脚本,判断当前系统用户shell是否都为可登陆shell(即非/sbin/nologin),分别计算两类用户的个数(通过比较字符串实现)

  #!/bin/bash# check the user could login by default or not,and how many it is # 20161211declare loginideclare nologinjfor ((i=1;i<=$(cat /etc/passwd|wc -l);i++))do

  defaultshell=$(head -$i /etc/passwd|sed '$!d'|cut -d':' -f7)

  if [ $defaultshell == /sbin/nologin ];then

  logini=$(($logini+1))

  else

  nologinj=$(($nologinj+1))

  fidone

  echo "the default login_user has $logini,the others has $nologinj"

  或者

  #!/bin/bash##

  declare nologinideclare othersj

  for ((i=1;i<=$(cat /etc/passwd|wc -l);i++))do

  if [ $(head -$i /etc/passwd|sed '$!d'|sed 's/^.*://') == /sbin/nologin ]

  then

  nologini=$(($nologini+1))else

  othersj=$(($othersj+1))fi

  doneecho "the default login users is $nologini,the others is $othersj"

  2、写一个脚本:1)获取当前主机的主机名,保存在变量hostname中;2)判断此变量的值是否是localhost,如果是,将当前主机名更改为www.mageedu.com3)如果不是,则显示主机名

  #!/bin/bash# check the $HOSTNAME if it's localhost,then change it to www.mageedu.com ;else display it# 20161212

  hostname=$(hostname)if [ $hostname == localhost ] ||[ $hostname == localhost.localdomain ]then

  hostname "www.mageedu.com"

  echo -e 'I change HOSTNAME is $hostname\n'else

  echo -e $hostnamefi

  3、写一个脚本实现如下功能:1)传递一个磁盘设备文件路径给脚本,判断此设备是否存在;2)如果存在,则显示此设备上所有分区信息

  #!/bin/bash# please input a device ,check if it's a block device ,so display the partition#

  read -p "Please input a block device,like:sdasdb" device

  if [ -b /dev/$device ]then

  echo "the $device is a block device:/dev/$device;and its partition like:"

  lsblk /dev/$deviceelse

  echo "$device is not exist!"fi

  4、写一个脚本实现以下功能:脚本能接受一个参数1)如果参数1quit,则显示退出脚本,并执行正常退出;2)如果参数1yes,则显示继续执行脚本;3)否则,参数1为其他任意值,均执行非正常退出

  #!/bin/bash# while you input 'quit',the shell exit 0;input 'yes' the shell continue;input other command the shell exit 1#

  read -p "please input yes,quit,*" l

  case $l in

  yes)

  echo "the shell end with no error"

  exit 0

  ;;

  quit)

  echo "the shell continue"

  continue

  ;;

  *)

  echo "the shell out within error"

  exit 1

  ;;

  esac

  5、写一个脚本,实现以下功能,传递一个参数给脚本,此参数为gzipbzip2或者xz三者之一:1)如果参数1的值为gzip,则使用targzip归档压缩/etc目录至/backups目录中,并命名为/backups/etc-20160613.tar.gz2)如果参数1的值为bzip2,则使用tarbzip2归档压缩/etc目录至/backups目录中,并命名为/backups/etc-20160613.tar.bz23)如果参数1xz,则使用tarxz归档压缩/etc目录至/backups目录中,并命名为/backups/etc-20160613.tar.xz4)如果是其他值,则显示错误的压缩工具,并执行非正常退出

  #!/bin/bash# tar /etc/* with bzip2,gzip,xz#

  if [ $# == 0 ]

  then

  echo " you must choose a option(like bzip2,gzip,xz)!"

  else

  case $1 in

  gzip)

  tar -czvf /backups/etc-20161212.tar.gz /etc/*

  ;;

  bzip2)

  tar -P -cjvf /backups/etc-20161212.tar.bz2 /etc/*

  ;;

  xz)

  tar -Jcvf /backups/etc-20161212.tar.xz /etc/*

  ;;

  esac

  ls -al /backupsfi

  6、写一个脚本接受一个路径参数:1)如果是普通文件,则说明其可被正常访问;2)如果是目录文件,则说明可对其使用cd命令;3)如果是符号链接文件,则说明是个访问路径;4)其他为无法判断

  #!/bin/bash# check the file or directory 's type# 20161213

  if [ $# -eq 0 ];then

  echo "you must insert a file or directory!"elif [ -f $1 ];then

  echo "$1 is a file and you can read/write it"elif [ -d $1 ];then

  echo "$1 is a directory,you can access it with COMMAND 'cd'"elif [ -l $1 ];then

  echo "$1 is a link file"else

  echo "i can't fond what type it is"fi

  7、写一个脚本,取得当前主机的主机名,判断1)如果主机名为空或者为localhost,或者为none,则将其命名为mailmagedu.com2)负责,显示现有的主机名即可

  同题2

  8、写一个脚本,接受一个用户名为参数:1)如果用户的id号为0,则显示为管理员;2)如果用户的id号大于0且小于500,则显示其为系统用户;3)否则,显示其为普通用户

  #!/bin/bash# check the user's type,it's operater or ordinery user# 20161213

  if [ $# -eq 0 ];then

  echo "Please input a username!just one"elif `id -u $1>>/dev/null 2>&1`;[ $? != 0 ];then

  echo "the user $1 isn't fond" && exit 1

  elif [ `id -u $1` -eq 0 ];then

  echo "$1 is root"

  elif [ `id -u $1` -lt 500 ];then

  echo "$1 is a operator"

  else

  echo "$1 is a user"

  fi

  9、写一个脚本,传递一个用户名参数给脚本;如果用户的id号大于等于500,且其默认shell为以sh结尾的字符串,则显示“a user can log system"类的字符串

  #!/bin/bash# check user's ID greater than 500 and the last two character of the default SHELL is sh# 20161213

  if [ $# -eq 0 ];then

  echo 'Please insert a username!'elif `id -u $1 >>/dev/null 2>&1`;[ $? != 0 ];then

  echo "The user isn't fond" elif [ $(id -u $1) -ge 500 ] && [ $(grep $1 /etc/passwd|sed 's/.*://'|grep -o "sh$") == sh ];then

  echo "The user $1 can login system"else

  echo "The user'ID is $(id -u $1),the user cannt login"fi

 

来源:运维部落